Dipyridamole,a game changer to stop the spread of Corona Virus needs Consideration

 Dipyridamole,a game changer to stop the spread of Corona Virus needs Consideration


 


Nowadays, the spread of Corona Virus is the main
threat to human kind all over the world. Undoubtedly, it's required for every body to stop the spread of Corona Virus. In order to stop the spread of Corona Virus, we need to dive a little in the process of Corona Virus Replication and transcription. 

DNA transcription


  It is a process in which Covid 19 RNA is copied into another one by the enzyme RNA Polymerase adding nucleotide to the 3' end of the strand.
Transcription process involves three steps, initiation, elongation and termination.


Initiation


RNA Polymerase binds to the template RNA strand at the promoter region, TATA box, separating and providing the base to make a chain.


Elongation

RNA Polymerase reads the template to make chains from 3' to 5' direction to form mRNA.


Termination

When RNA Polymerase moves along the template forming mRNA until it reaches the termination point, hairpin like region, causing it to stop, the transcription process is completed.

Polymerization reaction

When RNA polymerase moves along the RNA template strand, it links the free OH group of 3' carbon of nucleotide to the 5' carbon of the nucleotide  Triphoshate , releasing as Pyrophosphate.
 
 


cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB)

It is a transcription factor.
It can bind to cAMP response element CRE.
The cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is situated in the nucleus acting as a transcription factor.

cAMP  activates protein kinase A which in turn activatesCREB  finally resulting in forming of CREB-binding protein CBP.

As a result of CREB binding protein CBP formation, the transcription is initiated by RNA Polymerase with the help of CBP.

Without proper functioning of CBP (Binding protein),it is apparent that RNA Polymerase cannot bind to RNA strand to complete transcription.

Here comes the role of Dipyridamole.


Dipyridamole inhibits the degradation of cAMP to AMP. As cAMP is degraded, CREB cannot form CREB binding protein CBP, not enabling the RNA Polymerase to function properly in RNA transcription. 


This is where the transcription of Covid ends without the proper functioning of RNA transcription. 

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (dipyridamole) degrades the phosphodiester bond in cAMP and cGMP.

It's just my hypothesis.




The research on one website said that dipyridamole can bind to Covid 19 mPro protease resulting in Stopping of RNA replication and decrease in D dimers which is in the same aspects in accordance as I described above.


Dipyridamole(Persantin), must be used only under the Prescription of Physician.

  Dipyridamole

                       Dipyridamole is used for anti coagulation, anti viral and and anti inflammatory actions. As Covid 19 has inflammation and coagulation effects by Cytokines Storm, the possible action of Dipyridamole can be considered as a therapeutic way in treating severely ill Covid 19 patients suffering from blood clotting.

                            Diyridamole has a Phoshodiesterase enzymes that can break down the RNA replication of Covid 19. This Phoshodiesterase can break down DNA and RNA of Covid 19.

                            Dipyridamole acting as a Phoshodiesterase inhibitor provide the effects of Adenosine blocking nucleosides binding to Covid 19 RNA. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (dipyridamole) degrades the phosphodiester bond in cAMP and cGMP.


 

cAMP(cyclic Adenosine monophosphate)

        It is a second messenger derived from Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and synthesized to AMP by the use of Phoshodiesterase. 

Moreover, the function of dipyridamole is going to increase the level of cAMP and cGMP and re uptake of endothelial cells.

When cAMP is increased, it leads to decrease in platelet aggregation resulting in vasodilation. cAMP will inhibits protein kinase A which helps heart contraction with the help of Calcium.
This protein kinase A also inhibits myosin light chain which is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation.

This protein kinase A enter the cell nucleus where it activates CREB protein.This CREB is bound to by CBP(CREB binding protein) allowing RNA Polymerase to function gene transcription. without CBP, it is apparent that RNA Polymerase cannot bind to RNA strand.
You can now see clearly the connection between cAMP, protein kinase A, CREB, CBP, RNA Polymerase and Dipyridamole. All are interconnected. As cAMP importance in cell signalling pathways influence both protein kinase A, CREB, CBP and RNA Polymerase binding, Dipyridamole's direct effects on cAMP express the direct relationship in RNA transcription factors.

Conclusion

Most notably, the correlations on the effect of Dipyridamole on cAMP, CREB, CBP, and RNA Polymerase binding in cell signalling and cell transcription is no doubt evident that it could lead to stop the transcription of Covid 19 virus and showing the potential evidence to stop the spread of lethal virus( the great danger to the world).

Caution

Dipyridamole must be taken only under the prescription of Physician because it is only prescription drug. You need to be careful with that.

References

Wikipedia website

Thank you by AK 2001






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